Variable spray device



May 115,. 1928.

fai/wig 5% v m T w N E v m f ,f IIII l v a IIIIII ||1\llllllll |nvv 0 lls l'. Effiv Buchan cm/ ATTORNEY WITNESS:

IsAAo W. P. BUCHANAN,

or LEBANON, ,TENNESSEE VARIABLE SPRAY DEVICE.

Application' med February This invention relates to hand operatedcontinuous variable spray devices, the general object of theinventionbeing to so constructv the device that it can be sold at low' l cost andoperated by persons of no or little mechanical knowledge with but littledanger Of-its getting out 'of order.

Another object of the invention is to vprovide a cap for the liquidcontainer of the device, having a chambered head or dome with whichcommunicates an eduction tube having an adjustable nozzle andstabilizing means therefor on its outer end and through which passes aliquid tube which also extends into the liquid in the container, with ahand pump for introducing air into the head lso that some of the airwill pass downwardly into the container and place the liquid thereinunder compression to force the liquid through the liquid tube, and someof the air will pass directly into the eduction tube and act on theliquid emerging from the liquid tube and thus cause the liquid to passfrom the nozzle in the form of a spray, the adjustable nozzle acting asmeans for controlling the texture of the spray.

Another object of the invention is to so position the liquid tube inrelation to\ the eduction tube that the delivery end portion of theliquid tube is circumferentially spaced from the delivery end portionvof the eduction tube to form an annular unobstructed-air outletpassage. This passage serves two purposes, one being that the emergingliquid is contacted on all sides by the air under pressure, thusproducing a. uniformly textured spray and the other being that thisannular passage is not as likely .to be clogged as a more restrictedpassage, and if clogged,l it is more easily cleaned.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for rigidlyholding the liquid tube against movement in the eduction tube so thatthe nozzle can be agjusted from a position where itrests agains the endofthe liquid tube to varying distances from said 'end without danger ofmovement of the liquid tube interfering with the functioning of.

- in the eduction tubeQs centrally arranged `100 Yewiih.. relation tothe eduction'tubeo as to the nozzle in producing a variable spray.

To the attainment of the foregoing, the invention consists in theimprovement-as reception and connection of a forward tu.

11, 1925. Serial No. 8,561.

hereinafter described and definitely claimed.- In the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification Figure 1 isja fragmentaryview of the im'- proved device, with parts in section and parts inelevation. f

Figure 2 is a. section on line 2.''2 of Figure 1. J

Figure 3V is an enlarged sectional `view through the nozzle part of thedevice. Figure 4 is an elevation with parts in section, showing a.modification of the nozzle part,

Figure 5 is an elevation with parts in section, of another modication.

Among other elements, my novel device comprises a tank 1. 'The said tank1 is provided with `a neck I2 threaded at 3 and terminating at its upperend in an inwardly directed annular flange 4. Y y The device alsocomprises-a capmember 9 for use on the neck 2. Said 'cap member 9 isthreaded as shown to engage'the thread 3 of the neck 2.and is formed atVits upper end with a hollow head or dome member 12, the chamber formedby said hollow'hea'd or dome member being designated by 13,-v and saidhead isprovidedat its upper end with. a threaded projection 14. A gasketis placed '80 between the cap and ange 4, At diametrically oppositepoints, the 'hollow head 12 is provided with threaded apertures 2O and21. The aperture 20 is for the bular extension 22 on a combined handleand pump cylinder 23, said cylinder 28 containinga reciprocatory piston(not shown) in connection with a handle disposed in rear of thecylinder, as-usual. In the ltubular extension 22 is a forwardly openingnon-return valve 26. The threaded aperture y21 is for vvthe receptionand engagement lof an eduction tube 30, the said tube 30 receiving thesmaller liquid tube 31 whiph has a portieri` extending 95 dow-n into thetank 1'. v

As will be seen, the liquid tube is open -at\ [di bothendswith one en dprotruding from the liquid tube and that part of. the liquidtube`provide an annular air passage, the liquid tube being supported in anysuitable manner, such for instance by forming indentations in .theeduction tube to engage the liquid tube,

^ ciprocations of the piston in cylinder 23,

A eduction tube 30, as shown,

enthe device is used as a flame throWer` as it may be by sprayingkerosene oil and i iting the same by a match 30X held in a c amp 30Wwhich maybe attached to the the principle being the same as that in theDavy`m1ne lamp. This screen also acts to prevent the contents of thetank 1 from entering the dome member 12 if the tank should be upset, asthis screen is of such a fine mesh as to practicallyprevent any liquidpassing rthrough the same. This will prevent the contents of the tankfrom clogging the spraying parts. l

he forward portion of the eduction tube 30 is exteriorly threaded asshown for the engagement of a threaded nozzle 40 and a threaded lock nut41, the lock nut 41 being located in rear of the'nozzle 40, and the twobeing separated by a washer 43 whereby when the nozzle 40 is positionedon the tube 3() and the nutV 41 is turned to jamb the washer 43 againstthe nozzle, casual movement of the nozzle with -respect to the tube.

' 30 wil'l be precluded and undue loss of com'- As shown in Figure 3,the lock bered at 60, to receive pressed air prevented. As shown,a,nozzle 40fwith a larger eduction orifice than that of the nozzle 40 isprovided for use interchangeably with the nozzle 40, the nozzle that isnot in use being detachably4 secured on the projection 14 of the hollowhead or dome member l2. The aperture in each tip must be smaller thanthe opening in the liquid tube so" as to cause a varying back pressureof the air from the eduction tube on the liquid emerging from thesliquidtube,

nut is chamwasher 43.

It will be manifest `from the foregoing that when the nozzle on theeduction tube 30 is adjusted relative to the liquid tube 31, the devicemay be adapted to throw a coarse or long spray, even a solid stream or.

short and tine spray, the first-named stream or spray being broughtabout by positioning the nozzle with its orifice close to the eductionend of the liquid tube 31, and

the latter spray being brought about by a part rof the.

positioning the eduction orifice of the nozzle at a greater distancefrom the eduction end of the liquid tube 31.' For instance, when the tipor nozzle is in contact with the end of the liquid tube, the 'air vfromthe air passage cannot contact the stream of liquid passing from theliquid tube so that a solid stream .of liquid passes from' the device,but when, the tip or nozzle is removed slightly from contact with theend of the liquid tube, permitting air to act on' the liquid,thepressure of this airy on the emerging liquid 1s slight, due tofriction of pas# sage of compressed air through the small annularopening, thus allowing large quantities of liquid to emerge under lowpressure amount of' emergingliquid to a greater pressure., therebycauslng a correspondingly finer textured atomization.

Attention is called to the fact that the annular air passage formed byspacing the delivery end portion of the liquid tube circumferentiallyfrom the delivery end portion of the eduction tube, causes thecompressed air Adischarging from the eduction tube to contact the liquid-emerging from the liquid tube with equal pressure on all the sides,thus producing a spray of'uniform density vand texture. .This annularpassage is not .likely to be clogged as a more restricted passage wouldbe, and if clogged, it is more easily cleaned. Either nozzle 40 or 40amay be employed, according to the use to which the device is to beplaced. j

i l have found that it is absolutely necessary to provide a lock nut andwasher or their equivalents to hold the tip or nozzlel in ad'ustedposition and to preventleak-v age o liquid and air at the rear of thenozzle, as Iv found without such means, the noz,.- zle would quickly getout of adjustment due to the ordinary handling of the device and thatair and liquid would escape from be-` tween th-e nozzle and the eductiontube. It 1s extremely important to ho'ld the nozzle in adjustedposition, particularly when the device is used for painting, for theslightest movement of the nozzle will vary the quantity and texture ofthe spray and thus' give the painted object an uneven coating.- The losslof air through leakage necessitatesthe pump being actuated that theoperator soon tires and the leak' age of liquid results in a flame atthe rear o the nozzle, when the device is used asa iame maker, whichseriously detracts from` the efficiency of the device and when thedevice4 is used for painting, the liquid paint dripping from the nozzlewi'll fall upon' at a greater speed. Aso

the surface being painted and thus cause spots. Thus it will be seenthat the lock nut and washerv serve three distinct purposes, each ofwhich is .absolutely essential 'to the proper and eflicient functioningof the spray device.

It will be manifest from the foregoing that through the medium of my'novel device, which obviously can be handled with great facility, aliquid spray may be produced, or a flaming spray may be produced byigniting the liquid coming lfrom the nozzle by a match 80* held in theholder 80"'. In fact, through the medium of my novel device, a variablestraight-away liquid spray from one to eight feet in length may beproduced and used for the customary purposes also, a Variable flamingspray from six inches to four feet in length may be produced, the liquidin the tank 1 being in such case an appropriate hydrocarbon -and theresult being a simultaneous chemical and heat sterilization. In thisuse, if an ob'- ject to be sterilized is arranged between theextremities ofthe flaming spray, the said object will be subjected tothe action of a direct heat sterilization and a, boiling hot chemicalsterilization. Again it will be appreciated that my novel device affordsan instantaneous blow torch and general utility flame, and this withoutdanger as gasification takes `place exteriorly of the device and theflame does not come in contact with the nozzle. In this connection, Iwould have it,

understood that a long fiame the jintensity of which is lesessenedinproportion to its length, is best for the removal of paint inasmuch asit is not liable to scorch wood.A

It will further be appreciated fromthe foregoing that my novel device issusceptible of being used to advantage `for a multiplicity of purposessuch as starting fires, soldering and unsolderingconnections, thawingfrozen pipes, spraying paint, heating the intake manifolds of automobileinternal combustion engines, etc., and for the-customary spraying ofliquids.

The device is also especially useful for spraying liquid paints of thelacquer type which dry so quickly that itis practically impossible toapply them with a brush'.

In the various-uses to which my novel 'device is put the combined handleand cylinder 23 is held in the left hand and the handle of the piston isactuated by the right hand, the discharge from the nozzle beingaccurately directed to the point of use without difficulty on the partof the user.

I prefer to employ for the production of a variable liquid spray themeans best shownin Figure 3, but I would have it understood that whendesired, the lock nut itself may be of heavy leather, inwhich event thein; terposedwasher would be altogether omitted.v It will also be notedthat in the embodi- .atomizingftip tOf .held against casual turning onthe eduction j the container, the said liquid tube beingcircumferentially ment shown ,in Figure 1, is fixed by being forcedagainst the back wall of the dome chamber 13, as the eduction tube 30 isscrewed in the dome, no soldering Whatever' being resorted to.

vThe embodiment of the invention shown in Figure l is characterized by asleeved atomizing tip 409,' the sleeve of which is under pressure byvirtue of a stuffing box 41e onthe eduction or air tube 30", and isadjustable lengthwise of said tube and adjustably held in position bythe frictional contact afforded by said stuffing box.

The modification of Figure includes an subjectedto pressure and tube 30tby a coil spring 31t on thesaidtube, said spring bearing directlyagainst a metallic washer 322 separated from the tip by a leather washer33. f

I have explicitly described the illustrated and preferred embodiments ofmy invention in order to impart an exact understanding of saidembodiments. I do not desire, however, tbbe understood as confiningmyself to the specific construction of the illustrated embodimentsinasmuch as the scope of my invention is defined by my appended claims,and various changes may be made within the claims without involvingdeparture from my invention.

1. A continuous variable hand operated spraying device, comprisingl acontainer, a` hollow head thereon and communicating therewith, a handoperated air compressing pump rigidly connected with the head forintroducing compressed air into the head and container and formanipulating the spraying device when in`use, an eduction tube havingone' end connected to and in communication` with the hollow head, aliquid tube open at both'ends extending through the eduction tube withits outer end protruding from the eduction tube and having its inner endportion depending into delivery end portion of spaced from the deliveryend portion of the eductiorr tube to form an annular unob structed airoutlet passage, means for immovably fixing ythe liquid tube relative tothe eduction tube, thereby holding its pro-l truding end in fixedelation tothe/outer end of the eduction' tube, an atomiz'ing tipadjustably mounted on the outer end/ ofthe eduction tube so. that itcan-` be moved into sealing engagement with the youter end of the liquidtube or held in spaced relation thereto', thereby wholly or partiallypreventing .compressed air from the eduction tube.

from contacting the -emerging liquid, and the aperture in the tip beingsmaller` than the outlet' from the liquid tube, thereby causing', withthe adjustment of said tip, a

the liquid vuit@ 31 tube having one varying back pressure on theemerging liqcontinuous variablel hand operated" spraying device,comprising a container, a hollow head thereon and communicatlngtherewith, a hand operated air compressing 'pump rigidly connected withthe head for introducing compressed air into the head and containersprayingl device when in use, an eduction end threadedly connected intothe head and in communication with the hollow head, a liquid tube openat both ends extending through the leduction tube with its outer endprotruding from the eduction tube and having its inner end portiondepending into the container, the delivery end portion of said liquidtube being circumferentially spacedl from the delivery end -portion ofthe eduction tube to form an annular unobstructed air outlet passage,said and for manipulating the threaded end of the eduction tubecomprising adjustable means for immovably clamping the liquid tubeagainst a portion of the i pressed air from the eduction tube fromAcontacting the emerging liquid, and the aperture in the tip beingsmaller than the outlet from the liquid tube, thereby causing, with theadjustment of said tip, a varying back pressure on thc emerging liquid,and means for stabilizing the atomizing tip in its successive positionson the eduction tube and preventing the escape of air and liquid exceptthrough said aperture.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

. ISAAC W. P. BUCHANAN.

